Recommended Citation
Fatemah Albader,
Synthetic Media as a Risk Factor for Genocide,
16 Case W. Res. J.L. Tech. & Internet
200
(2025)
Available at:
https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jolti/vol16/iss2/1
Abstract
The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning has introduced synthetic media—AI-generated images and videos—as a transformative tool in international law. While these technologies can enhance documentation, advocacy, and awareness in conflict zones, they also pose serious risks when misused to incite violence or genocide. This Article explores the dual nature of synthetic media, focusing on its capacity to inflame ethnic tensions, spread disinformation, and manipulate public perception in ways that can catalyze mass atrocities. Drawing on historical examples and recent events, it highlights how synthetic media can function as a risk factor for genocide, especially in volatile environments, and argues for a targeted prohibition on synthetic media that is likely to incite violence or genocide. Existing international legal instruments—such as the ICCPR, the Genocide Convention, and the Rome Statute—provide a foundational framework but are insufficient to address the unique challenges posed by synthetic media. To meet this emerging threat, the Article proposes a multi-layered approach: the development of tailored international legal instruments, national legislation criminalizing malicious use of synthetic media, independent regulatory oversight, industry self-regulation, and public education to promote digital literacy. Regulating synthetic media is not only necessary to prevent mass atrocities but also essential to preserving the integrity of international legal norms in the digital age.